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Àè ·±´øÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾ÁÖÀÇ, Á¶¼±ÀÇ ÀÇÄ¡ | ¹®ÇÐ 2018-03-22 19:00
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¹ÎÀ½¼¼°è¹®Çп¡¼­ [·Ñ¸®Å¸]°¡ ºüÁö¸é¼­ ±× ÀÚ¸®¸¦ [¾ß¼ºÀÇ ºÎ¸§]ÀÌ Ã¤¿ü´Ù. ±× ¶§ Àè ·±´øÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÆÀ¸´Ï ±×¸® ¿À·¡ µÇÁø ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Ã¥µµ »çµÎ°í¼± ÀÐÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù [¹«¶óÄ«¹Ì ÇÏ·çŰ Àâ¹®Áý]¿¡¼­ Àè ·±´ø À̾߱Ⱑ ³ª¿Í Á» ´õ ã¾Æ º¸¾Ò´Ù. °Ë»ö¾î¿¡ "Korea"¸¦ ³ÖÀ¸´Ï ·±´øÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° À̾߱⸸ ÇÑ¿õÅ­ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·²¼ö°¡? ±×·¡¼­ À̹ø¿£ Àè ·±´ø°ú ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°·Î °Ë»öÇØ¼­ ¶á ÀÎµðÆæ´øÆ® ±â»ç¸¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù. 2010³â ±â»ç1)·Î Á¦¸ñºÎÅÍ Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÏ´Ù. "Àè ·±´ø: ±×³É ¾ß¼ºÀÇ ºÎ¸§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù". Àü¹®À» Á¤È®È÷ ¿Å±â±ä Èûµé°í Àû´çÈ÷ ¿ä¾àÇØº¸°Ú´Ù.

 

¹Ì±¹Àº ±ÞÁøÀû »ç»óÀ» °¡Áø Àι°µéÀ» °Å¼¼½ÃÄÑ ²¸¾È¾ÆÁÖ°íÇ °íÀÚ(cuddly eunuch)·Î ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ³î¶ó¿î ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î ¸¶Å© Æ®¿þÀÎÀ̳ª ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å·ÀÌ Àִµ¥ ¾Æ¸¶ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ °Å¼¼ÀÚ´Â Àè ·±´øÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½Ã´ë °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÐÈù ±ÛÀ» ¾´ Çõ¸íÀû »çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç °³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Í¿©¿î À̾߱⸦ ¾´ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ±â¾ïµÈ´Ù. ±×·¸±â¸¸ ÇÏ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ì±¹¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå Èï¹Ì·Ó°í ±âÀÌÇϸç, ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ´Â ÇÑÆí ¿ª°Ü¿î Àι°À» ³õÄ¡´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àè ·±´øÀÇ »ç½Ê»ý¾Ö´Â ÀÌ·¯Çß´Ù: ½½·³°¡¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ÀÚ»ìÃæµ¿À» ´À³¢´Â ½É·É·ÐÀÚÀÇ »ç»ý¾Æ, ¹Ì¼º³â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, ÇØÀû, ºÎ¶û¾Æ, Çõ¸íÀû »çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ, Áý´Ü»ìÇØ¸¦ ¿­¸ÁÇÑ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÁÖÀÇÀÚ, °ñµå µð°Å, Á¾±º±âÀÚ, ¹é¸¸ÀåÀÚ, ÀÚ»ìÃæµ¿À» ´À³¢´Â ¿ì¿ïÁõ ȯÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ÇѶ§ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÀαâÀÖ´ø ÀÛ°¡. Àè ·±´øÀÇ Àü±â¸¦ ¾´ Á¦ÀÓ½º ÇìÀϸ®´Â ·±´øÀ» °¡¸®ÄÑ "¹Ì±¹ ¹®ÇÐ ¸ñ·Ï(Literary canon) Áß °¡Àå ¿ÀÇØ¹ÞÀº Àι°"À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

 

Àè ·±´øÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï Ç÷ζó ä´Ï´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ¶úÀ¸³ª ½Ê´ë¶§ °¡ÃâÇÏ¿© Á×Àº ÀÌ¿Í ´ëÈ­ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¾±³ Áý´Ü¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. ±× Áý´ÜÀÇ ¸®´õ Àª¸®¾ö ä´Ï¿Í ³»¿¬ °ü°è°¡ µÇÁö¸¸ ä´Ï´Â ÀÓ½ÅÇÑ ÇÃ·Î¶ó¸¦ ±¸Å¸ÇßÀ¸¸ç ³«ÅÂÇ϶ó°í ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. Ç÷ζó´Â ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇϰí ÀÚ»ì±âµµ¸¦ ÇßÀ¸³ª Ãѱ⠿À¹ß·Î ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °ÇÁø´Ù. 1876³â »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ ½½·³°¡¿¡¼­ ÀèÀÌ Å¾À» ¶§, Ç÷ζó´Â ±×¸¦ ¼öÄ¡½º·´°Ô ¿©°Ü ÇØ¹æ³ë¿¹ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ÈæÀÎ À¯¸ð¿¡°Ô ¸Ã°Ü¹ö·È´Ù. ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ ÇÁ·»Æ¼½º´Â Àè ·±´øÀÇ À¯³â±â ´ëºÎºÐÀ» º¸»ìÇÉ »ç¶÷À̸ç ÀèÀº ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ¸¦ "Mammy"¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. Èʳ¯ ÀèÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ »çȸÀÇ ÃÖÇÏÃþ(cellar of a society)¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ú´Ù°í Çߴµ¥, 19¼¼°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö À̸¦ ´ÛÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ±× ¶§ ÀÌ¹Ì Ä¡¾ÆµéÀÌ ½â¾î ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ´ë°øÈ² ½Ã±â¸¦ °ÞÀ¸¸ç »çȸÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¢ÇÑ´Ù. 1894³â, ¿­¿©´ü ³ªÀÌ·Î ±æ°Å¸®¿¡¼­ ºÀ±âÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿¬¼³ÇÏ¿© »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ ½Å¹® 1¸é¿¡ "»çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ ¼Ò³â"À¸·Î µîÀåÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.

 

ÀÚº»°ú °è±Þ¿¡ ºÎµúÄ¡´ø ·±´øÀº ±ÝÀ» ãÀ¸·¯ ij³ª´Ù ºÏ±ØÀ¸·Î °£´Ù. Á×À» °íºñ¸¦ ³Ñ±ä µÚ ÀÛ°¡°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ °á½ÉÇÏ°í ¾´ ù ¼Ò¼³ÀÌ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÐ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ Àè ·±´øÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ» ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é ±×°¡ ¹Ì±¹¹®Çп¡ ³¢Ä£ ¿µÇâÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î´Ï½ºÆ® Çì¹Ö¿þÀÌ¿Í Á¸ ½ºÅ¸Àκ¤, ºñÆ® ¼¼´ë, Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£°ú ¾÷ư ½ÌŬ·¹¾î ±×¸®°í Çʸ³ ·Î½º±îÁö... ·±´øÀÇ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» º¸¸é ¼ö½Ê³âÀ» ¾Õ¼± ¸»·Ð ºê¶õµµ¿Í Á¦ÀÓ½º µòÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. Àè ·±´øÀÌ ºÎÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö·Ï ±×ÀÇ »ç»óµµ ±ÞÁøÀûÀ¸·Î º¯Çذ£´Ù. "I am first of all a white man, and only then a socialist." ¾ÆÆÄ¸£Æ®ÇìÀÌÆ®¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ Àè ·±´øÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀÇ´Â ¹éÀÎ ¾Æ·¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÁ¾µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ÓµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±× µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ¹ß¾ðµéÀº ¿ª°ã°í Çϳª¸¸ ¿Å±ä´Ù. "¿ì¿ùÇÑ ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ Áö±¸ °÷°÷¿¡¼­ °­µµÁúÀ» Çϰí ÇлìÇÑ´Ù." Àè ·±´øÀº ¿Ö ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´Â°¡? Ç÷ζó ä´Ï´Â ÀÎÁ¾ Â÷º°ÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿´°í »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§¸¦ ÀÒ°í ÈæÀÎ ±¸¿ª °¡±îÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇϴµ¥ ¸ð¸ê°¨À» ´À²¼´Ù. ·±´ø ¶ÇÇÑ "½É¿¬ÀÇ µ£¿¡ °É¸°" ºÎ·ù¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» µ¿ÀϽÃÇϴµ¥ °­ÇÑ Ãæµ¿À» ´À³¤ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ±× »ç½Ç ¿ª½Ã ºÎ²ô·´°Ô »ý°¢Ç߱⿡, ±×µéº¸´Ù ´õ ¾Æ·¡ÀÎ ¿­µî Àΰ£(Untermenchen)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

´ëÃæ ÇØ¼®Àº ¿©±â±îÁö... ÀÌ ´ÙÀ½¿¡µµ Àè ·±´øÀÇ ¸ð¼ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆÇÀÌ À̾îÁø´Ù. ±â»çÀÇ ³íÁ¶´Â ¾ÆÁÖ µµ¹ßÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ Ʋ¸° ¸»Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ ÇØÀϸ®ÀÇ Àè ·±´ø Àü±â¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ »ç½ÇµéÀÌÁö ½Í´Ù. Àè ·±´øÀÌ Å°Çøµ°ú ´Ïü¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ °Íµµ Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÏ´Ù. [Àè ·±´øÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÁÖÀÇÀû »î: ºñÆòÀû Àü±â]¿¡¼­ Áø Ä·º§ ¸®½º¸¸ ±³¼ö´Â Àè ·±´øÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ÀαâÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀϺ»ÀεéÀ» ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®±â ¶§¹®2)À̶ó°í Çß´Ù. Àè ·±´øÀº ·¯ÀÏÀüÀï ¶§ »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ À̱×Àç¹Ì³Ê ƯÆÄ¿øÀ¸·Î ÆÄ°ßµÆ¾ú°í, ÀϺ»ÀεéÀ» ÁÁ°Ô Æò°¡Çß´Ù. ·±´øÀÇ ¹Ì¿Ï¼º ¼Ò¼³3)µµ ÀϺ»ÀεéÀÇ °ü½À°ú ´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÅºÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ü´Ù. (Á¦¸ñÀÌ [Cherry]´Ù. ÀÌÂë µÇ¸é...) ÆÄ¸é ÆÈ¼ö·Ï ´õ ¾Ë°í½ÍÁö ¾ÊÀº ´À³¦ÀÌ µå´Âµ¥.... ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ¾²°Ô µÈ °è±âÀÎ ÇÏ·çŰ À̾߱â·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡ÀÚ. ÇÏ·çŰ´Â Àè ·±´øÀÌ ·¯ÀÏÀüÀï Áß Á¶¼±À» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© ÀÇÄ¡¸¦ »°´Ù ²¼´Ù ÇÏ¸ç ±¸°æ°Å¸®°¡ µÈ À̾߱⸦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯°í¼± "»ç·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇØµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿­¸ÁÇÏ´Â ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ¼º°øÇϱä Èûµé´Ù"¶ó´Â ±³ÈÆÀ» ¾òÀº ·±´øÀÌ ¸ÚÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹àÈù´Ù.

 

°³ÀÎÀÇ °¨»ó±îÁö ³»°¡ ¹¹¶óÇÒ °Ç ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ Á» ÀǾÆÇÑ ±¸¼®Àº ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® »ý°¢Çصµ Àè ·±´øÀÌ ¸Ú½¾î¼­ Àú·± ¸»À» µ¡ºÙÀÎ °Í °°Àºµ¥? ±¦ÇÑ ¿Ã·ÁÄ¡±â ¾Æ´Ñ°¡. ÇÏ·ç۰¡ Àº±Ù½½Â½ Á¶¼±ÀÌ ¹Ì°³ÇÔÀ» ¾îÇÊÇß´Ù´Â »ý°¢Àº 'Åεµ ¾ÆÆÍÀ» °Å°í ³ª¶ó¸é ±×·¸°Ô ¸øÇßÀ» °Í'À̶õ ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³ ¿ø¹®À» ã¾Æº¸ÀÚ. °Ë»ö¾î´Â Ʋ´Ï, ÀÇÄ¡´Ù. ¿µ¾î·Î´Â False teeth, Artificial teeth°¡ µÇ°Ú´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü Àè ·±´øÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µÎ¹øÂ° ºÎÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â Â÷¹Ì¾ð ŰƮ¸®Áö¿¡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö´Ù. ÆíÁö ÃâÀüÀº 4).

 

To Charmian Kittredge
[Off the Korean Coast]
Monday, Feb. 15th, 1904.


Oh, yes, we waited for four hour! When four hours had past, wind came down out of the north, dead in our teeth. Lay all night in confounded tide-rip, junk standing on both ends, and driving me crazy what if my headache.
At four in the morning turned out in the midst driving snow to change anchorage on accout of the sea.
It was a cruel day-break we witnessed; at 8 A.M. we showed a bit of sail and ran for shelter.
My sailors live roughly, and we put up a fishing village (Korean) where they live still more roughly, and we spent Sunday and Sunday night there--my five sailors, myself--and about 20 men, women and children jammed into a room in a hut, the floor space of which room was about equivalent to that of a good double-bed.
And my foreign food is giving out, and I was compelled to begin native chow. I hope my stomach will forgive me some of the things I have thrust upon it. --Filth, dirt, indescribable, and the worst of it is that I can [not] help thinking of the filth and dirt as I take each mouthful.
In some of these villages, I am the first whiteman, and a curiousity.
I showed one old fellow my false teeth at midnight. He proceeded to rouse the house. Must have given him bad dreams, for he crept in to me at three in the morning and woke me up in order to have another look.
We are under way this morning--for Chemulpo. I hope I don't drop dead when I finally arrive there.
The land is covered with snow. The wind has just hauled ahead again. Our sail has come in, and the men are at the oars. If it blows up it'll be another run for shelter. O, this is wild and vitter coast.

 

To Charmian Kittredge
Chemulpo
Tuesday night, Feb. 16 [1904]

 

Just arrived. Am preparing outfit--horses, interpreter, coolies, etc. for campaign into the North toward Yalu and most probably into Manchuria.

 

±×¸®°í 1904³â 3¿ù 4ÀÏ, Àè ·±´øÀÌ Æò¾ç¿¡¼­ º¸³½ ÆíÁö¿¡´Â ±×µ¿¾È ÃëÀçµµ ÇÏ°í ¿©ÇàÇÏ´À¶ó °í´ÜÇÏ¿© ÆíÁö¸¦ ¾²Áö ¸øÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ Å뿪µµ ±¸Çϰí ÀϲÛ(Ä𸮶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇÔ)µµ ±¸Çϰí ÀÚ±â´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ °ø»ç°¡ Ÿ´ø ¸»À» ź´Ù´Â À̾߱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ÀϺ»ÀÎ ¼÷¼Ò¿¡ ±ºÀεé°ú ¸Ó¹«¸£°í Àִµ¥ ¼¼ ¸í¸¸ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀ̶ó ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ·Î¹öÆ® L. ´øÀº Äݸ®¾î½º À§Å¬¸®, F. A. ¸ÆÄËÁö´Â ·±´ø µ¥Àϸ® ¸ÞÀÏ Æ¯ÆÄ¿øÀÌ´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷Àº Àè ·±´øÀÇ "Àü¼±À¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â Á¾±º±âÀÚÀÇ °ñÄ©°Å¸®µé5)"¿¡¼­ Á¸½º¿Í ¸Æ·¯µå·Î µîÀåÇÑ´Ù. Àè ·±´øÀº Çѹݵµ ºÏºÎ·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ÁßÀ̸ç, ¾Ð·Ï°­(Yalu river) ³Ê¸Ó ¸¸ÁÖ·Î °¡°í½Í¾î ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àß ¾È µÈ´Ù. ¾î·µç 2¿ù ÆíÁö·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í ·±´øÀº Á¦¹°Æ÷ µµÂø Àü ¹¬¾î°¡´Â ¾îÃÌ¿¡¼­ ¾ÖÀο¡°Ô ºÒÆòÀ» ´Ã¾î³õ´Â´Ù. »çÀûÀÎ ±â·ÏÀÌ´Ï ¾îÁ¶´Â °¨¾ÈÇØ¾ß°ÚÁö¸¸... ³ª¸¸ ±×¸® ÀÐÈ÷´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°ÚÁö¸¸ ¹®¸í¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ¿À½Å ¹éÀÎ ³ª¸®´Â Á¶¼± ³ëÀγ׸¦ ³î·Á¸ÔÀ¸½Å´Ù.

 

"In some of these villages, I am the first whiteman, and a curiousity. I showed one old fellow my false teeth at midnight. He proceeded to rouse the house. Must have given him bad dreams, for he crept in to me at three in the morning and woke me up in order to have another look."
ÇØ¼®: ÀÌ ÁÖº¯ ¸¶À»µé¿¡¼± ³»°¡ ù¹øÂ° ¹éÀÎÀÎ ¸ð¾çÀ̾ß. ´Ùµé ½Å±âÇØ ÇØ. Çѹ㿡 ¾î¶² ³ëÀγ׿¡°Ô ³» ÀÇÄ¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾úÁö. ±×·¨´õ´Ï ¿Â Áý¾ÈÀ» ±ú¿ìÁö ¾Ê°Ú¾î. ²ÞÀÚ¸®°¡ µÚ¼þ¼þÇß´ø °Ô Ʋ¸²¾ø¾î, ±× ³ëÀγװ¡ »õº® ¼¼½Ã¿¡ »ì±Ý»ì±Ý ´Ù°¡¿Í ³ª¸¦ ±ú¿ì´õ´Ï ÀÇÄ¡¸¦ ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ º¸¿©´Þ·¨°Åµç."

 

±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ°Ç ÇÏ·ç۰¡ À̾߱âÇÏ´Â ¿¬´Ü¿¡ ¼­¼­ ÀÇÄ¡¸¦ ³Ö¾ú´Ù »°´Ù ÇÏ´Â À̾߱Ⱑ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇØ¼­ ´Ù½Ã ã¾Æº¸´Ï À̹ø¿£ À¯¸ÓÁý6)¿¡ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏ·ç۰¡ °¨µ¿ÇÑ Æ÷ÀÎÆ®°¡ ¹ºÁö´Â ¾Ë°Ú´Âµ¥ ±×·¡µµ ÀǾÆÇÑ °Ô ÀÌ·± °Å´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡ÇǼҵ尡 À¯¸ÓÁý¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Å.

 

3979. Give people what they want.
When Jack London was on Korea reporting the Russo-Japanese War, an official came to his hotel one day and told him that the entire population was gathered in the square below to see him. London felt enormously set up to think his fame had spread to the wilds of Korea. But when he mounted the platform that had been erected for him, the official merely asked him to take off his bridge of artificial teeth. The crowd watched closely as he did it. And then for half an hour they kept him standing there, taking out his teeth and putting them back again, to the applause of the multitude.

 

Á» ´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ ÃâÀüÀ» °í¹ÎÇϴ٠ã¾Æ³Â´Ù. ¾îºù ½ºÅæÀÌ ¾´ Àè ·±´ø Àü±â7), [¸»À» ź ¼±¿ø]ÀÌ´Ù. À¯¸ÓÁý¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¹®Àå°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ¸ç ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ °¨»óÀÌ ºÙ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏ·ç۰¡ °¨µ¿Çß´Ù´Â Àè ·±´øÀÌ ¾òÀº ±³ÈÆÀÌ´Ù.

 

When reporting the Russian-Japanese War, an official had come to his hotel and told him the entire population was gathered in the square below to see him. He had felt enormously set up to think his fame had spread to the wilds of Korea. But when he mounted the platform that had been erected for him, the official asked if he wouldn¡¯t take out his bridge of artificial teeth. For half an hour he had stood there taking out his teeth and putting them back again to the applause of the multitude; it was then he had had his first glimpse of the fact that men rarely become famous for the things for which they strive and die.
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1) Independent, "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/jack-london-not-just-the-voice-of-the-wild-2059275.html", (2010.8.22)

2) Jeanne Campbell Reesman, Jack London's Racial Lives: A Critical Biography, University of Georgia Press, 2009, pp. 323-24
3) "Jack London's War" Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine., Dale L. Walker, The World of Jack London. ¡ìAccording to London's reportage, the Russians were "sluggish" in battle, while "The Japanese understand the utility of things. Reserves they consider should be used not only to strengthen the line...but in the moment of victory to clinch victory hard and fast...Verily, nothing short of a miracle can wreck a plan they have once started and put into execution."¡í
4) The Letters of Jack London: 1913-1916. Volume three
5) San Francisco Examiner, "https://thegrandarchive.wordpress.com/troubles-of-war-correspondent-in-starting-for-the-front/", (1904.4.4)
6) Ken Alley, The Encyclopedia of Wit, Humor and Wisdom: The Big Book of Little Anecdotes, 2000
7) Irving Stone, Sailor on horseback: Jack London, 1960, pp. 324



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